Notre-Dame des Miracles de Caacupé

Notre-Dame des Miracles de Caacupé

Patronne du Paraguay

Notre-Dame des Miracles de Caacupé est une variante du culte marial dédié à l'Immaculée Conception, vénérée dans la ville paraguayenne de Caacupé, où se dresse une basilique devenue un lieu de pèlerinage pour d'innombrables fidèles. Également connue sous le nom de « Petite Vierge Bleue », elle est la patronne du Paraguay, et son sanctuaire est considéré comme le centre spirituel du pays. Sa fête est célébrée le 8 décembre.

Faits clés

Feast: 8 December
Place: Caacupé (Paraguay)
Devotion: Immaculate Conception · of Miracles
Church: Basilica of Caacupé, inaugurated on 8 December 1765
Patronage: Patroness of Paraguay
Minor basilica: raised by Pope Francis (11 July 2015)

Central message: in a small carving saved by the promise of a grateful native, the Guaraní people recognize the Tupãsy, the Mother of God, who protects them from every danger and leads them to her Son.

Tradition et histoire : une distinction nécessaire

Autour de Caacupé, deux niveaux coexistent qu'il ne faut pas confondre.

Tradition tells that in the town of Tobatí there lived a Guaraní sculptor named José, a convert of the Franciscan mission. Returning one day from the forests of the Ytú valley, he came upon Mbayá natives, feared for their hostility; he ran to hide behind a thick tree trunk and promised that, if he came out alive, he would carve from that wood an image of the Virgin. The Mbayá passed by without noticing him, and José, grateful, fulfilled his vow: from the trunk came two carvings, the larger one for the church of Tobatí and the smaller one for his personal devotion. Tradition adds that at the place of the promise water sprang up that helped the Guaraní survive the heat. These are venerable accounts of popular piety in which —as the source itself notes— there are no apparitions or visions, but two «miracles of salvation»: from the enemies and from the flood.

The documented history rests on preserved archives. A document of 1769 from the National Archive states that Father Roque Melgarejo, missionary of the doctrine of Tobatí, donated to the inhabitants of Caacupé an image of the Immaculate Conception and a plot of land on which to build a church in her honour. The 4th of April 1770 is taken as the reference for the founding of the town, already known then as the Valley of Caacupé. The devotion, real and verifiable, does not depend on the legendary details, but on the continuous growth of the cult.

Origine du nom

The name «Caacupé» comes from the Guaraní expression ka’a kupé, which means «behind the herb» or «behind the forest of herb.» Because it has the largest shrine in the country, Caacupé is said to be the spiritual capital of Paraguay.

Histoire du sanctuaire

De la sculpture de l'autochtone José au sanctuaire

Selon la tradition, la petite image sculptée par l'autochtone José demeura en sa possession, témoignant de sa dévotion. Des années plus tard, une grande inondation – celle qui forma le lac Ypacaraí – menaça de détruire les villages de la région. Les frères franciscains, avec les habitants, organisèrent des prières pour apaiser les eaux, que le père Luis de Bolaños bénit, et celles-ci se retirèrent. Alors, l'image apparut, flottant dans une boîte en bois, que les prêtres identifièrent comme celle de la mission de Tobatí, celle-là même que José avait sculptée. Dès lors, on l'appela la Vierge des Miracles de Caacupé.

L'humble José, figure du peuple guarani

The humble and «unknown» José —of whom only the given name is preserved, without surnames or nicknames— represents each and every one of the Guaraní Christians. The account speaks of his pilgrimages, of the mortal dangers he endured, and of his devotion to the Immaculate, the Tupãsy (Mother of God), who came to take the place of the mythical Ñandesy of their ancestors. Thus the smaller image, Our Lady of Miracles of Caacupé, «became greater through the abundance of her gifts and of her faithful.» Of the large carving, destined for Tobatí, it is supposed that it was plundered by the Mbayá.

La basilique et sa reconnaissance

The Basilica of Caacupé was inaugurated on 8 December 1765. In 1912 a processional litter of chiseled and embossed silver was made for the image, the work of the Félix Granda Art Workshops, and it is still used today in her feasts. During his visit to Paraguay, Pope Francis raised the shrine to the rank of minor basilica; the corresponding decree was read at the end of Mass on 11 July 2015, making it the second church in the country with that status.

Dévotion et fête

La Vierge de Caacupé jouit d'une immense popularité au sein de la tradition dévotionnelle catholique paraguayenne. C'est pourquoi elle est consacrée Patronne et Protectrice de la République du Paraguay, un titre équivalent à celui de la Vierge de Luján en Argentine ou de Notre-Dame d'Aparecida au Brésil. Les Paraguayens vivant loin de leur patrie commémorent cette fête en participant à la messe, notamment à la messe d'ouverture et à la messe centrale.

La diaspora paraguayenne a propagé la dévotion à la Petite Vierge Bleue dans plusieurs pays. En Espagne, l'Association des Paraguayens de Malaga a fait don d'une réplique à l'église San Juan Bautista, où elle a été installée le 4 décembre 2016. Auparavant, en janvier 2012, une autre réplique avait été installée dans la paroisse San Juan Bautista de Vélez-Málaga. En Argentine, des immigrants paraguayens ont fondé la paroisse de la Vierge de Caacupé à Berazategui.

Le message spirituel de Caacupé

La dévotion à Notre-Dame des Miracles de Caacupé nous parle encore aujourd'hui avec simplicité :

🪵 Mary draws near to the little ones. She did not come upon a throne, but in a carving saved by the promise of a grateful native.
🙏 Faithfulness to a promise opens the way to grace. José fulfilled his vow, and from that wood a shrine was born.
🇵🇾 Mary is Mother of a whole people. In the Tupãsy, the Guaraní heart recognizes the Mother of God.
✝️ Mary always leads to her Son. As the Immaculate, she teaches us to live pure of heart and turned toward God.

Prière à Notre-Dame de Caacupé

Our Lady of Miracles of Caacupé,
Immaculate Mother of the Guaraní people:
look with kindness upon all of us who come to you,
and keep us, as you kept that humble José,
from every danger of body and of soul.
Sustain the faith of Paraguay and of all America,
and lead us always to the encounter with your Son Jesus.
Amen.

A sober Marian prayer, gathered in our section of Prières mariales.

🌹 Une fleur pour la Vierge

Adressez une simple prière à Notre-Dame de Caacupé. Récitez un Je vous salue Marie pour le Paraguay et pour toute l'Amérique.

Je vous salue Marie
Sources: Spanish Wikipedia, «Virgen de Caacupé» (origin of the name in Guaraní, the tradition of the native José and the carving saved from the Mbayá, the image that appeared after the flood that formed Lake Ypacaraí, the 1769 document of the National Archive on the donation by Father Roque Melgarejo, the founding of the town in 1770, the inauguration of the basilica on 8 December 1765, the silver processional litter of 1912 and the elevation to minor basilica by Pope Francis on 11 July 2015) · Margarita Durán Estragó and others, Historia de la Iglesia en el Paraguay (Ed. Tiempo de Historia, Asunción, 2014, p. 186). The distinction between the tradition of Guaraní popular piety and the documented history of the shrine follows what is noted by the source itself, which warns that in the account «there are no apparitions or visions,» but two miracles of salvation.
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