诵念玫瑰经

如何诵念玫瑰经——历史与意义

圣玫瑰经：历史及祈祷方法

1. 起源和历史

古老的根源：基督教诗篇

The remote origins of the Rosary lie in the Psalter of the 150 psalms. From the 6th-9th centuries, Irish and Benedictine monks prayed the 150 psalms daily. Lay people and the unlettered, who could not read and had no access to the texts, gradually replaced the 150 psalms with 150 Our Fathers and, later, with 150 Hail Marys. Thus arose the so-called “Psalter of Mary.”

To count the Hail Marys, lay people used pebbles, knots in a cord, or strings of beads. Hence the term rosarium (“rose garden”) applied to the crown of prayers offered to Mary, “a rose for each Hail Mary.”

圣多明我·德·古斯曼与多明我会传统

Pious tradition attributes the present form of the Rosary to Saint Dominic de Guzmán (1170-1221) and to an apparition of the Virgin in 1208, during the crusade against the Albigensian Cathars. The legend tells that the Virgin gave him the Rosary as a spiritual weapon to combat heresy.

It must be stated with historical precision: the documents contemporary with Saint Dominic do not attest to this apparition. The apostolic letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae (2002) of Saint John Paul II, in number 17, simply acknowledges that “the history of the Rosary shows how this prayer was used in particular by the Dominicans at a difficult moment for the Church due to the spread of heresy”. Without asserting that they originated it.

What is historical is that the Dominicans were, from the 13th century, the great promoters of praying the Rosary and of the rosary confraternities.

阿兰努斯·德·鲁佩和系统化的念珠

In the 15th century, the Breton Dominican Alanus de Rupe (Alan de la Roche, c. 1428-1475) systematized the Rosary as we know it today: a division into fifteen mysteries (five joyful, five sorrowful, five glorious), regrouped into three “crowns” of 50 Hail Marys each. He founded the Confraternity of the Psalter of the Blessed Virgin in Douai (1470), the origin of the rosary confraternities that spread throughout Europe.

勒班陀战役和玫瑰圣母节

On October 7, 1571, the Holy League (Spain, Venice, the Papal States and others) defeated the Ottoman fleet at the naval battle of Lepanto. Saint Pius V (a Dominican) attributed the victory to the intercession of the Virgin, invoked in those weeks with the Rosary throughout Christendom. He instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory on October 7. His successor Gregory XIII renamed it Our Lady of the Rosary in 1573, the present date of the liturgical feast.

October was consecrated as the month of the Rosary by Leo XIII, “the pope of the Rosary,” who wrote eleven encyclicals on this devotion between 1883 and 1898.

圣母显灵与玫瑰经

19世纪和20世纪那些被认可的伟大显灵事件巩固了人们诵念玫瑰经的观念：

  • Lourdes (1858): the Virgin appeared with a rosary in her hands to Saint Bernadette Soubirous; she prayed the Hail Marys with her.
  • Fátima (1917): the Virgin expressly asked the three shepherd children to pray the Rosary daily “to obtain peace for the world and the end of the war.”

光明奥迹——圣若望保禄二世（2002）

On October 16, 2002, on the 25th anniversary of his pontificate, Saint John Paul II signed the apostolic letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae and proclaimed the Year of the Rosary (October 2002 – October 2003). In number 19 he proposed a fourth set of mysteries: the Luminous Mysteries, dedicated to the public life of Christ.

Literal quotation from number 28: “The Rosary is a method of contemplation.” And from number 12: “Without contemplation, the Rosary is a body without a soul, and its recitation runs the risk of becoming a mechanical repetition of formulas.”

2. 如何诵念圣玫瑰经

材料

  • A rosary (a string of beads): a crucifix + medal + five decades, each separated by one large bead. Total: 59 beads.
  • 性情沉稳，不急躁。

循序渐进的结构

开始

  1. The Sign of the Cross, on the crucifix of the rosary: > By the sign of the Holy Cross, deliver us from our enemies, O Lord our God. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

  2. The Apostles’ Creed, on the crucifix: > I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth, and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried; he descended into hell; on the third day he rose again from the dead; he ascended into heaven, and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty; from there he will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. Amen.

  3. The Our Father on the first large bead.

  4. Three Hail Marys, on the three small beads that follow, asking for the increase of the three theological virtues: Faith, Hope and Charity.

  5. Glory Be: > Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit. As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.

五个谜团中的每一个

  1. Announcement of the mystery (for example: “The First Joyful Mystery: the Annunciation of the Angel to Mary”). A brief reading from the gospel if desired, or silence to contemplate.

  2. The Our Father on the large bead.

  3. Ten Hail Marys on the ten beads that follow, meditating on the mystery while they are prayed.

  4. Glory Be.

  5. The Fátima Prayer (asked for by the Virgin on July 13, 1917): > O my Jesus, forgive us our sins, save us from the fires of hell, lead all souls to heaven, especially those in most need of your mercy.

  6. 然后继续解开下一个谜题，重复步骤 6 到 10，直到五个谜题全部完成。

结论

  1. Hail Holy Queen: > Hail, Holy Queen, Mother of mercy, our life, our sweetness and our hope. To thee do we cry, poor banished children of Eve; to thee do we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears. Turn, then, most gracious advocate, thine eyes of mercy toward us; and after this our exile, show unto us the blessed fruit of thy womb, Jesus. O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary! Pray for us, O holy Mother of God, that we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ. Amen.

  2. The Litany of Loreto (see the dedicated block).

  3. Closing prayer (for the intentions of the Pope, or one’s own).

  4. The Sign of the Cross.

3. 玫瑰经的奥秘

According to Rosarium Virginis Mariae 38, the weekly distribution is:

Day Mysteries
Monday and Saturday The Joyful Mysteries
Tuesday and Friday The Sorrowful Mysteries
Wednesday and Sunday The Glorious Mysteries
Thursday The Luminous Mysteries

欢喜五端（星期一和星期六）

耶稣隐秘的生平与诞生。

  1. The Annunciation of the Angel to the Virgin Mary (Lk 1:26-38).
  2. The Visitation of Mary to her cousin Elizabeth (Lk 1:39-56).
  3. The Nativity of Jesus in Bethlehem (Lk 2:1-20).
  4. The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple (Lk 2:22-39).
  5. The Finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple (Lk 2:41-52).

光明奥秘（星期四）

基督的公共生活。由圣若望保禄二世在《福音传道》第21号中提出。

  1. The Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan (Mt 3:13-17).
  2. The wedding at Cana, the self-revelation of Jesus (Jn 2:1-12).
  3. The proclamation of the Kingdom of God and the call to conversion (Mk 1:15).
  4. The Transfiguration of the Lord (Mt 17:1-8; Mk 9:2-8; Lk 9:28-36).
  5. The institution of the Eucharist at the Last Supper (Mt 26:26-28; Mk 14:22-24; Lk 22:19-20).

痛苦五端（星期二和星期五）

主的受难与死亡。

  1. The prayer of Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane (Lk 22:39-46).
  2. The Scourging of the Lord (Jn 19:1).
  3. The Crowning with Thorns (Mt 27:27-31).
  4. Jesus Carrying the Cross on the way to Calvary (Lk 23:26-32).
  5. The Crucifixion and Death of Jesus (Lk 23:33-46; Jn 19:17-37).

荣福五端（星期三和星期日）

复活、升天和来世。

  1. The Resurrection of the Lord (Mt 28:1-10; Mk 16:1-8; Lk 24:1-12; Jn 20:1-10).
  2. The Ascension of Jesus into heaven (Lk 24:50-53; Acts 1:9-11).
  3. The descent of the Holy Spirit upon Mary and the Apostles (Acts 2:1-13).
  4. The Assumption of the Virgin Mary into heaven (cf. Munificentissimus Deus, 1950).
  5. The Coronation of Mary as Queen of heaven and earth (cf. Rev 12:1).

4. 念玫瑰经的方法

独自的

最常见的方式。这种方式允许人们按照自己的节奏，静静地关注每一个奥迹。可以在行走时、车里、睡前躺在床上，或者在圣像前祈祷。

作为一个家庭

Praying the Rosary as a family is one of the richest and most forgotten customs of Spanish Catholicism. The mysteries and the decades are shared among the members of the family. Each one prays a decade.

Saint John Paul II in Rosarium Virginis Mariae 41: “The family that prays together stays together.”

在教区

在许多教区，人们会在弥撒前后集体诵念这首祷文，尤其是在五月和十月。在圣母游行中也会诵念。

在圣体前

强烈推荐的传统方式：在教堂里，在圣体龛前诵念玫瑰经。在圣体圣事的临在下，默想玫瑰经奥迹会获得一种特殊的深度。

宋

在许多圣地和修道院中，吟唱玫瑰经是一种传统。在宗教团体和朝圣活动中，吟唱玫瑰经是恰当的。

5. 玫瑰经月——十月

Leo XIII consecrated October to the Rosary in the encyclical Supremi apostolatus (September 1, 1883). Traditionally:

  • October 7: the feast of Our Lady of the Rosary.
  • The whole month: daily praying of the Rosary, especially as a family.
  • 在西班牙：玫瑰经兄弟会的玫瑰经八日敬礼、九日敬礼和三日敬礼。

6. 对诵念玫瑰经者的承诺

The Dominican tradition, recorded by Blessed Alanus de Rupe, hands down the fifteen promises made by the Virgin Mary to those who pray the Rosary. The Church regards them as pious tradition, not binding public revelation. Their value is spiritual and devotional.

一些经文：“凡诵念玫瑰经侍奉我的人，必得特别的恩典”（第1条），“凡通过玫瑰经向我祈求的，我必应允”（第4条），“我玫瑰经的真正子女，将在天堂享受极大的荣耀”（第9条）。

Saint John Paul II in RVM 1 wrote: “The Rosary is my favorite prayer.” It is the spiritual heritage that a Pope wished to leave to the Church.

来源

  • Saint John Paul II, Rosarium Virginis Mariae (October 16, 2002) — vatican.va
  • Saint Pius V, bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices (September 17, 1569) — the first canonical definition of the rosary in fifteen mysteries.
  • Leo XIII, encyclical Supremi apostolatus officio (September 1, 1883) and ten other encyclicals on the Rosary.
  • Catechism of the Catholic Church, nn. 2678, 2708.
  • Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (CCDDS, 2002), nn. 197-202.
  • Blessed Alanus de Rupe, Liber de psalterio Mariae (15th c.).
  • Sister Lúcia dos Santos, Memoirs of Sister Lúcia — Fátima 1917.

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