マリアの連祷
公式文書の確認済み：マドリード大司教区、クリスト・デ・ラ・ビクトリア教会 — PDF「聖なるロザリオ — ロレートの連祷、フランシスコ教皇による追加部分を含む 2020」。公式ウェブサイト vatican.va のテキストと一致しています。
1. 連祷とは何ですか？
From the Greek litaneía (supplication). A responsorial prayer: the celebrant or leader says an invocation, and the assembly responds. An ancient structure of Christian worship, already present in the processions of the fourth century.
An important distinction:
- Official liturgical litanies: approved by the Church for public use. Only five are recognized for public worship and may be included in blessings, processions and other liturgical celebrations: of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, of the Sacred Heart, of the Most Precious Blood, of Loreto (to the Virgin) and of Saint Joseph.
- Private devotional litanies: popular piety, the domestic setting or small communities. Many of them (Immaculate Heart, Assumption, Our Lady of the Rosary, local titles).
The Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (Congregation for Divine Worship, 2002), n. 203, recalls that Marian litanies belong to the devotional heritage, but “must not replace, but rather lead to, the Liturgy”.
2. ロレートの連祷 ― 公式全文
起源と歴史
- Shrine of Loreto (Italy, the house of Nazareth translated according to tradition). Its primitive form is attested in the sixteenth century.
- Official approval: the bull Reddituri of Sixtus V, 11 July 1587.
- Additions throughout the centuries (the
principal ones):
- Auxilium Christianorum — Help of Christians: added by Pius V after the victory of Lepanto (1571), although the canonical formulation is dated to the late sixteenth century.
- Mater Immaculata / Regina sine labe originali concepta — Queen conceived without original sin: after the dogma of the Immaculate Conception (Pius IX, 1854).
- Mater Boni Consilii — Mother of Good Counsel: added by Leo XIII in 1903.
- Regina Sanctissimi Rosarii — Queen of the Most Holy Rosary: approved by Leo XIII in 1883.
- Regina Pacis — Queen of Peace: introduced by Benedict XV in 1917, during the First World War.
- Regina assumpta in caelum — Queen assumed into Heaven: added by Pius XII after the dogmatic definition of the Assumption in 1950.
- Mater Ecclesiae — Mother of the Church: added by Saint John Paul II in 1980, taking up the title proclaimed by Paul VI in 1964.
- Regina familiae — Queen of the family: added by Saint John Paul II in 1995.
- Mater misericordiae, Mater spei, Solacium migrantium — Mother of mercy, Mother of hope, Solace of migrants: added by Pope Francis, decree of the Congregation for Divine Worship of 20 June 2020 (letter of Cardinal Robert Sarah to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences).
英語全文（ロレートの連祷、フランシスコ教皇による加筆あり 2020年）
V. 主よ、憐れみたまえ。 R. 主よ、憐れみたまえ。 V. キリストよ、憐れみたまえ。 R. キリストよ、憐れみたまえ。 V. 主よ、憐れみたまえ。 R. 主よ、憐れみたまえ。
V. キリストよ、我らの祈りを聞きたまえ。 R. キリストよ、我らの祈りを聞きたまえ。 V. キリストよ、慈しみ深く我らの祈りを聞きたまえ。 R. キリストよ、慈しみ深く我らの祈りを聞きたまえ。
V. 天の父なる神よ、R. 我らを憐れみたまえ。V. 世の贖い主、御子なる神よ、R. 我らを憐れみたまえ。V. 聖霊なる神よ、R. 我らを憐れみたまえ。V. 聖なる三位一体、唯一の神よ、R. 我らを憐れみたまえ。
(To each invocation that follows, the response is: “pray for us”.)
- 聖母マリア様、
- 聖母マリア様、
- 処女の中の聖母、
- キリストの母、
- 教会の母、
- Mother of Mercy, (added in 2020)
- 神の恵みの母、
- Mother of Hope, (added in 2020)
- 最も純粋な母よ、
- 最も貞淑な母、
- 母なる大地は侵されることなく、
- 汚れなき母よ、
- 最もフレンドリーな母親、
- 最も尊敬すべき母親、
- 良き助言者の母、
- 私たちの創造主の母よ、
- 私たちの救い主の母、
- 最も慎重なヴァージン、
- 最も尊き聖母よ、
- ヴァージンの最も有名な、
- ヴァージンは最も強力で、
- 最も慈悲深い聖母よ、
- 最も忠実な乙女よ、
- 正義の鏡、
- 知恵の座、
- 私たちの喜びの源、
- 霊的な器、
- 名誉の器、
- 唯一無二の献身の器、
- 神秘のバラ、
- ダビデの塔、
- 象牙の塔、
- 黄金の家、
- 契約の箱、
- 天国の門、
- 明けの明星、
- 病人の健康、
- 罪人の避難所、
- Solace of migrants, (added in 2020)
- 苦しむ者の慰め主、
- キリスト教徒の助け、
- 天使の女王、
- 族長の女王、
- 預言者の女王、
- 使徒の女王、
- 殉教者の女王、
- 告解者の女王、
- 処女の女王、
- すべての聖人の女王、
- 原罪なしに受胎した女王、
- 女王は天に昇り、
- 最も聖なるロザリオの女王、
- 家族の女王、
- 平和の女王。
V. 世の罪を取り除く神の子羊よ、R. 主よ、私たちを憐れんでください。 V. 世の罪を取り除く神の子羊よ、R. 主よ、私たちの願いを聞き入れてください。 V. 世の罪を取り除く神の子羊よ、R. 私たちを憐れんでください。
V. 聖なる神の母よ、私たちのために祈ってください。R. 私たちがキリストの約束にふさわしい者となれるように。
閉会の祈り
Grant, we beseech you, O Lord God, that we your servants may enjoy perpetual health of mind and body, and, by the glorious intercession of the Blessed ever-Virgin Mary, be delivered from present sorrow and enjoy eternal gladness. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.
3. いくつかの呼び出しに関する解説
Causa nostrae laetitiae — Cause of our joy. A medieval invocation. Mary is the cause of joy because she brought the Savior into the world. Saint Bede the Venerable linked Gabriel’s greeting “Ave, gratia plena” with the prophetic cry of Zephaniah 3:14: “Rejoice, O daughter of Zion!”. Christian joy is not sentimental optimism: it is the certainty of salvation, and Mary embodied it first.
Mater divinae gratiae — Mother of divine grace. By giving the world Christ, the source of all grace, Mary is called Mother of grace. Saint Thomas Aquinas explains it in III, q. 27, a. 5: “The fullness of grace was owed to the Blessed Virgin because she conceived the very Author of grace”.
Speculum iustitiae — Mirror of justice. Biblical justice is the uprightness that unites man with God. Mary reflected perfectly the holiness of her Son. Saint Bernard: “Speculum sine macula”, a spotless mirror. It takes up Wisdom 7:26 applied to Wisdom: “a spotless mirror of the working of God”.
Sedes sapientiae — Seat of Wisdom. A medieval Roman image: the Virgin seated with the Child-Wisdom on her knees. Christ is the eternal Wisdom of the Father (1 Cor 1:24); Mary is the living throne that bears him.
Rosa mystica — Mystical Rose. A medieval symbol. The rose, queen of flowers, alludes to Mary’s unique beauty among creatures. The “mystical rose” also refers to the “rosary”, a crown of spiritual roses.
Stella matutina — Morning star. She who announces the Sun, Christ. Saint Bernard in his sermon “De aquaeductu”: “Respice stellam, voca Mariam” (look at the star, call upon Mary).
Solacium migrantium — Solace of migrants. Added by Francis in 2020. Mary fled to Egypt with Joseph and the Child (Mt 2:13-15): every forced migration finds refuge in her. The universal Church invokes her for those who leave their land.
4. その他の伝統的な聖母マリアの連祷
聖母マリアへの聖書に基づく連祷
聖書から直接引用した聖母マリアの称号を集めた、現代的な祈祷文集。私的使用が認められており、聖書研究グループの間で広く普及している。いくつかの祈祷文：
- シオンの娘（ゼパニヤ書 3:14）
- 主のしもべ（ルカ1:38）
- 恵みに満ちている（ルカ1:28）
- 女性の中で最も祝福された者（ルカ1:42）
- マニフィカトの歌を歌う女性（ルカ1:46-55）
- 救い主の母（ルカ2:11）
- カナの婚礼の女（ヨハネによる福音書 2:1-11）
- 十字架の足元に立つ女性（ヨハネによる福音書 19:25）
- 愛弟子の母（ヨハネ19:27）
- 上の部屋にいた女性（使徒行伝1章14節）
- 太陽を身にまとった女（黙示録12:1）
聖母マリアの汚れなき御心の連祷
Approved by Pius XII in 1942 after the consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart (31 October 1942). Private and devotional use. They include invocations such as: Immaculate Heart of Mary, sanctuary of the Word made flesh / ark of the new covenant / summit of holiness / our refuge and that of sinners…
無原罪の御宿りの連祷
スペインおよびヒスパニック系アメリカ人の伝統であり、特に1854年の教義以降に根付いた。信仰上の用途。
グアダルーペの聖母の連祷
An American devotion. It combines Loreto titles with invocations proper to Tepeyac: Star of evangelization / Mother of Juan Diego / Dawn of salvation for America…
5. 連祷が唱えられるとき
- At the end of the Holy Rosary (the most widespread use).
- Marian processions, especially in May (the month of Mary) and October (the month of the Rosary).
- Novenas and Marian triduums.
- Votive Mass of Our Lady, as a devotional conclusion after the celebration (not within the eucharistic Liturgy).
- Blessings of the Ritual that provide for them.
The Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (n. 195) specifies: the litanies “do not replace the Liturgy, but rather prolong it in domestic and communal piety”.
情報源
- Official text of the Litany of Loreto with the 2020 additions — Archdiocese of Madrid, parish of Cristo de la Victoria — downloadable PDF at cristodelavictoria.archimadrid.es. Identical to the one published on vatican.va.
- Vatican.va, Litany of Loreto — https://www.vatican.va/special/rosary/documents/litanie-lauretane_sp.html
- Letter of Cardinal Robert Sarah (20 June 2020), Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments — https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/es/bollettino/pubblico/2020/06/20/letan.html
- Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (CDWDS, 17 December 2001), nn. 195-203 — vatican.va
- Bull Reddituri of Sixtus V (1587) — official approval of the Litany of Loreto.
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, nn. 2673-2682 (“Prayer to the Holy Mother of God”).