Marijas litānijas
Pārbaudīts oficiālais teksts: Madrides arhidiecēze, Kristus Viktorijas baznīca — PDF “Svētais Rožukronis — Loreto litānija ar pāvesta Franciska 2020. gada papildinājumiem”. Tas atbilst tekstam oficiālajā vietnē vatican.va.
1. Kas ir litānijas?
From the Greek litaneía (supplication). A responsorial prayer: the celebrant or leader says an invocation, and the assembly responds. An ancient structure of Christian worship, already present in the processions of the fourth century.
An important distinction:
- Official liturgical litanies: approved by the Church for public use. Only five are recognized for public worship and may be included in blessings, processions and other liturgical celebrations: of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, of the Sacred Heart, of the Most Precious Blood, of Loreto (to the Virgin) and of Saint Joseph.
- Private devotional litanies: popular piety, the domestic setting or small communities. Many of them (Immaculate Heart, Assumption, Our Lady of the Rosary, local titles).
The Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (Congregation for Divine Worship, 2002), n. 203, recalls that Marian litanies belong to the devotional heritage, but “must not replace, but rather lead to, the Liturgy”.
2. Loreto litānija — pilns oficiālais teksts
Izcelsme un vēsture
- Shrine of Loreto (Italy, the house of Nazareth translated according to tradition). Its primitive form is attested in the sixteenth century.
- Official approval: the bull Reddituri of Sixtus V, 11 July 1587.
- Additions throughout the centuries (the
principal ones):
- Auxilium Christianorum — Help of Christians: added by Pius V after the victory of Lepanto (1571), although the canonical formulation is dated to the late sixteenth century.
- Mater Immaculata / Regina sine labe originali concepta — Queen conceived without original sin: after the dogma of the Immaculate Conception (Pius IX, 1854).
- Mater Boni Consilii — Mother of Good Counsel: added by Leo XIII in 1903.
- Regina Sanctissimi Rosarii — Queen of the Most Holy Rosary: approved by Leo XIII in 1883.
- Regina Pacis — Queen of Peace: introduced by Benedict XV in 1917, during the First World War.
- Regina assumpta in caelum — Queen assumed into Heaven: added by Pius XII after the dogmatic definition of the Assumption in 1950.
- Mater Ecclesiae — Mother of the Church: added by Saint John Paul II in 1980, taking up the title proclaimed by Paul VI in 1964.
- Regina familiae — Queen of the family: added by Saint John Paul II in 1995.
- Mater misericordiae, Mater spei, Solacium migrantium — Mother of mercy, Mother of hope, Solace of migrants: added by Pope Francis, decree of the Congregation for Divine Worship of 20 June 2020 (letter of Cardinal Robert Sarah to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences).
Pilns teksts angļu valodā (Loreto litānija ar pāvesta Franciska 2020. gada papildinājumiem)
V. Kungs, apžēlojies. R. Kungs, apžēlojies. V. Kristu, apžēlojies. R. Kristu, apžēlojies. V. Kungs, apžēlojies. R. Kungs, apžēlojies.
V. Kristu, uzklausi mūs. R. Kristu, uzklausi mūs. V. Kristu, žēlīgi uzklausi mūs. R. Kristu, žēlīgi uzklausi mūs.
V. Dievs debesu Tēvs, R. apžēlojies par mums. V. Dievs Dēls, pasaules Pestītājs, R. apžēlojies par mums. V. Dievs Svētais Gars, R. apžēlojies par mums. V. Svētā Trīsvienība, viens Dievs, R. apžēlojies par mums.
(To each invocation that follows, the response is: “pray for us”.)
- Svētā Marija,
- Svētā Dieva Māte,
- Svētā jaunavu Jaunava,
- Kristus Māte,
- Baznīcas Māte,
- Mother of Mercy, (added in 2020)
- Dievišķās žēlastības Māte,
- Mother of Hope, (added in 2020)
- Visšķīstākā Māte,
- Visšķīstākā Māte,
- Neaizskaramā Māte,
- Māte neaptraipīta,
- Visdraudzīgākā māte,
- Visbrīnišķīgākā māte,
- Labā padoma māte,
- Mūsu Radītājas Māte,
- Mūsu Pestītāja Māte,
- Jaunava, visprātīgākā,
- Viscienījamākā Jaunava,
- Virgin slavenākais,
- Jaunava, visspēcīgākā,
- Jaunava, visžēlsirdīgākā,
- Uzticīgākā Jaunava,
- Taisnīguma spogulis,
- Gudrības mītne,
- Mūsu prieka cēlonis,
- Garīgais trauks,
- Goda trauks,
- Vienīgais dievbijības trauks,
- Mistiskā roze,
- Dāvida tornis,
- Ziloņkaula tornis,
- Zelta nams,
- Derības šķirsts,
- Debesu vārti,
- Rīta zvaigzne,
- Slimnieku veselība,
- Grēcinieku patvērums,
- Solace of migrants, (added in 2020)
- Nomocītu mierinātājs,
- Kristiešu palīdzība,
- Eņģeļu karaliene,
- Patriarhu karaliene,
- Praviešu Karaliene,
- Apustuļu Karaliene,
- Mocekļu Karaliene,
- Grēksūdzju Karaliene,
- Jaunavu Karaliene,
- Visu svēto Karaliene,
- Karaliene ieņemta bez iedzimtā grēka,
- Karaliene uzņemta debesīs,
- Vissvētākā Rožukroņa Karaliene,
- Ģimenes karaliene,
- Miera karaliene.
V. Dieva Jērs, kas nes pasaules grēkus, R. saudzē mūs, Kungs. V. Dieva Jērs, kas nes pasaules grēkus, R. žēlīgi uzklausi mūs, Kungs. V. Dieva Jērs, kas nes pasaules grēkus, R. apžēlojies par mums.
V. Lūdz par mums, svētā Dievmāte. R. Lai mēs būtu Kristus apsolījumu cienīgi.
Noslēguma lūgšana
Grant, we beseech you, O Lord God, that we your servants may enjoy perpetual health of mind and body, and, by the glorious intercession of the Blessed ever-Virgin Mary, be delivered from present sorrow and enjoy eternal gladness. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.
3. Komentārs par dažām lūgšanām
Causa nostrae laetitiae — Cause of our joy. A medieval invocation. Mary is the cause of joy because she brought the Savior into the world. Saint Bede the Venerable linked Gabriel’s greeting “Ave, gratia plena” with the prophetic cry of Zephaniah 3:14: “Rejoice, O daughter of Zion!”. Christian joy is not sentimental optimism: it is the certainty of salvation, and Mary embodied it first.
Mater divinae gratiae — Mother of divine grace. By giving the world Christ, the source of all grace, Mary is called Mother of grace. Saint Thomas Aquinas explains it in III, q. 27, a. 5: “The fullness of grace was owed to the Blessed Virgin because she conceived the very Author of grace”.
Speculum iustitiae — Mirror of justice. Biblical justice is the uprightness that unites man with God. Mary reflected perfectly the holiness of her Son. Saint Bernard: “Speculum sine macula”, a spotless mirror. It takes up Wisdom 7:26 applied to Wisdom: “a spotless mirror of the working of God”.
Sedes sapientiae — Seat of Wisdom. A medieval Roman image: the Virgin seated with the Child-Wisdom on her knees. Christ is the eternal Wisdom of the Father (1 Cor 1:24); Mary is the living throne that bears him.
Rosa mystica — Mystical Rose. A medieval symbol. The rose, queen of flowers, alludes to Mary’s unique beauty among creatures. The “mystical rose” also refers to the “rosary”, a crown of spiritual roses.
Stella matutina — Morning star. She who announces the Sun, Christ. Saint Bernard in his sermon “De aquaeductu”: “Respice stellam, voca Mariam” (look at the star, call upon Mary).
Solacium migrantium — Solace of migrants. Added by Francis in 2020. Mary fled to Egypt with Joseph and the Child (Mt 2:13-15): every forced migration finds refuge in her. The universal Church invokes her for those who leave their land.
4. Citas tradicionālās Marijas litānijas
Bībeles litānijas Jaunavai Marijai
Mūsdienīgs dievbijīgs sacerējums, kurā apkopoti Marijas tituli, kas ņemti tieši no Svētajiem Rakstiem. Apstiprināts privātai lietošanai, plaši izplatīts Bībeles studiju grupās. Dažas lūgšanas:
- Ciānas meita (Cef 3:14)
- Kunga kalpone (Lk 1:38)
- Žēlastības pilns (Lk 1:28)
- Svētīta starp sievietēm (Lk 1:42)
- Sieviete no Magnificat (Lk 1:46-55)
- Glābēja Māte (Lk 2:11)
- Kāzu sieviete Kānā (Jņ 2:1–11)
- Sieviete krusta pakājē (Jņ 19:25)
- Mīļotā mācekļa māte (Jņ 19:27)
- Sieviete augšistabā (Apustuļu darbi 1:14)
- Sieviete, tērpta saulē (Atkl 12:1)
Marijas Bezvainīgās Sirds litānija
Approved by Pius XII in 1942 after the consecration of the world to the Immaculate Heart (31 October 1942). Private and devotional use. They include invocations such as: Immaculate Heart of Mary, sanctuary of the Word made flesh / ark of the new covenant / summit of holiness / our refuge and that of sinners…
Bezvainīgās Ieņemšanas litānija
Spāņu un latīņamerikāņu tradīcija, kas īpaši sakņojas 1854. gada dogmā. Dievbijīga lietošana.
Gvadalupes Dievmātes litānija
An American devotion. It combines Loreto titles with invocations proper to Tepeyac: Star of evangelization / Mother of Juan Diego / Dawn of salvation for America…
5. Kad tiek lūgtas litānijas
- At the end of the Holy Rosary (the most widespread use).
- Marian processions, especially in May (the month of Mary) and October (the month of the Rosary).
- Novenas and Marian triduums.
- Votive Mass of Our Lady, as a devotional conclusion after the celebration (not within the eucharistic Liturgy).
- Blessings of the Ritual that provide for them.
The Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (n. 195) specifies: the litanies “do not replace the Liturgy, but rather prolong it in domestic and communal piety”.
Avoti
- Official text of the Litany of Loreto with the 2020 additions — Archdiocese of Madrid, parish of Cristo de la Victoria — downloadable PDF at cristodelavictoria.archimadrid.es. Identical to the one published on vatican.va.
- Vatican.va, Litany of Loreto — https://www.vatican.va/special/rosary/documents/litanie-lauretane_sp.html
- Letter of Cardinal Robert Sarah (20 June 2020), Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments — https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/es/bollettino/pubblico/2020/06/20/letan.html
- Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy (CDWDS, 17 December 2001), nn. 195-203 — vatican.va
- Bull Reddituri of Sixtus V (1587) — official approval of the Litany of Loreto.
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, nn. 2673-2682 (“Prayer to the Holy Mother of God”).