卢汉圣母

卢汉圣母

阿根廷守护神

卢汉圣母是南美洲最受爱戴的圣母敬礼对象之一。她的原像小巧而朴素——高约38厘米,由烧制的陶土制成,代表着圣母无染原罪——然而几个世纪以来,阿根廷最虔诚的信仰都围绕着她。如今,在卢汉河畔宏伟的圣母大殿中,圣母受到人们的敬仰,她是阿根廷、乌拉圭和巴拉圭的守护圣人,也是阿根廷文化的象征之一。

关键事实

Feast: 8 May (also 8 December, as the Immaculate Conception)
Place: Basilica of Luján, province of Buenos Aires
Image: fired-clay carving (c. 38 cm), Immaculate Conception
Origin: arrival of the image in 1630
Patroness of: Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay (1930)
Basilica: title granted by Pius XI in 1930

The account of the «miracle of the cart» (the image that refused to continue the journey) and the wondrous events of its early years are pious tradition, handed down by popular devotion, distinct from the facts about the dates, the basilica and the patronages, which are indeed documented. On this page we distinguish them clearly.

卢汉的历史和传统

马车的奇迹(传统)

据传统记载,这种敬礼的起源可以追溯到1628年。当时,定居在苏曼帕的葡萄牙地主安东尼奥·法里亚斯·萨阿(Antonio Farías Saá)希望在他的庄园里建造一座供奉圣母玛利亚的小教堂,于是请一位居住在巴西的同胞给他寄来一幅圣母无染原罪像。为了让他有更好的选择,他的朋友寄来了两幅。1630年5月,这两幅圣像抵达布宜诺斯艾利斯港,分别装在不同的木箱里,放在一辆马车上。

经过数日的跋涉,商队在如今的卢汉城附近停了下来,准备过夜。第二天,他们准备继续前行,却发现牛拉不动车。几次尝试失败后,他们卸下一个木箱,牛这才顺利地继续前进。打开木箱后,他们惊奇地发现里面装着一尊小小的陶土圣母像。信徒们认为这是天意,便将圣像托付给屋主罗森多·德·特里格罗斯保管。这尊圣像继续它的旅程,最终被尊称为苏曼帕的安慰圣母。

隐居处和迁往卢汉

随着前来朝拜圣像的邻居越来越多,罗森多·德·特里格罗斯为圣像建造了一座隐修院,圣像从1630年到1674年一直安放在那里。这处遗址至今仍被称为“奇迹之地”,其中保存着一座可供参观的小教堂。圣像被人们亲切地称为“庄园圣母”和“小棕发守护神”,由商队的奴隶曼努埃尔照管。曼努埃尔被圣像的虔诚所感动,被指派侍奉圣像并带领朝圣者祈祷。

据传,卢汉河畔拥有庄园的寡妇安娜·德·马托斯(Doña Ana de Matos)将圣像移至她的祈祷室后,第二天早晨,圣像却不在祭坛上,人们发现她又回到了“奇迹发生的地方”。此事被视为奇事,布宜诺斯艾利斯主教和拉普拉塔河省长最终安排了圣像的移送。1886年,萨尔瓦里神父向教宗良十三世呈递了为圣像加冕的请愿书;教宗祝福了圣冠,并授予其专属的日课和弥撒,加冕仪式于1887年5月举行。

卢汉在阿根廷历史上

第一座献给卢汉圣母的圣殿于1763年12月8日落成。许多阿根廷独立战争的缔造者都曾在此宣誓信仰,并向圣母祈祷,其中包括曼努埃尔·贝尔格拉诺和何塞·德·圣马丁。1810年9月,贝尔格拉诺在卢汉停留,为了表达感恩,他将1813年萨尔塔战役中缴获的两面保皇党旗帜奉献给了圣母。1816年,圣马丁在远征秘鲁之前也曾到访过这座圣殿;1823年,他从解放的战役中凯旋归来后,又将自己的一把佩剑奉献给了圣母。

阿根廷、乌拉圭和巴拉圭的赞助人

1930年是圣像抵达300周年纪念。同年,应阿根廷、乌拉圭和巴拉圭三国主教的共同请求,教宗庇护十一世于1930年9月8日颁布教宗诏书,宣布卢汉圣母为这三个共和国的主保圣人。同年12月8日,庇护十一世授予该圣地宗座圣殿的称号。如今的卢汉宗座圣殿是一座宏伟的19世纪新哥特式教堂,由雕刻精美的石头建造而成,拥有两座百余米高的塔楼。

朝圣之旅

Devotion to Luján is expressed in a singular way through its pilgrimages. The first workers’ marches to the sanctuary, at the end of the 19th century, were promoted by Father Federico Grote, founder of the Catholic Circles of Workers. Over the years, the Youth Pilgrimage on Foot to Luján —begun in October 1975— became the greatest annual manifestation of faith in Argentina, gathering more than a million people who walk the road to the basilica.

卢汉的精神讯息

今天,我们对卢汉的敬仰之情依然以朴实的语言传递给我们:

📿 Mary chose to remain among her own. The tradition of the cart that would not move forward expresses, in popular language, the desire of a Mother who chooses to stay beside her people.
🙏 Mary accompanies our journeys. Patroness of the roads and goal of so many pilgrimages, she comes out to meet whoever walks toward her.
🌎 Mary unites the peoples of the Plata. Under her mantle Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay recognize one another as sisters.
✝️ Mary always leads to her Son. She sustains in their faith those who call upon her, so as to bring them to Jesus.

向卢汉圣母祈祷

O Virgin of Luján, our Mother and patroness:
you chose to remain beside your people
to show them your tenderness and your protection.
Look upon our sorrows, our labours and our hopes,
and accompany us on the journey of life.
Teach us to trust and lead us to your Son Jesus.
Amen.

Pray also the 圣母玛利亚祈祷文 and prepare her feast by drawing near to Mary as so many pilgrims have done at her sanctuary.

🌹献给圣母玛利亚的花

请向卢汉圣母献上简单的祈祷。请为阿根廷和拉普拉塔地区的人民诵念一遍圣母经。

诵念《圣母经》
Sources: «Our Lady of Luján,» Spanish Wikipedia (version consulted in 2026) · data on the arrival of the image (1630), the basilica, the patronages (bull of Pius XI of 1930) and the pilgrimages gathered in that article. The «miracle of the cart» and the wondrous events of the early years are presented as pious tradition of popular devotion, distinguished from the documented facts about the dates, the sanctuary and the patronages.
🌹玛丽安轶事发现它们