Glossário Mariano e Litúrgico
Theological, liturgical, and devotional terms that appear on this
site. Brief, clear definitions, with magisterial references where
appropria-se.
PARA
Advento. A four-week liturgical sejason that
prepares for Christmas. It begins with First Vespers of the fourth Sunday before
December 25 and ends on Christmas Eve. Liturgical color: violet.
Proper Marian antiphon: Alma Redemptoris Mater.
Título mariano (advogação). The title under which the
faithful invoke the Virgin Mary, generally tied to an event
(apparition, miracle, discovery of an image) or a spiritual attribute. It adds
nothing to dogma: Mary is the same; what changes is the place and the historical
circumstance.
Aleluia. Do hebraico aleluia («praise
Senhor. The Paschal acclamation par excellence. Suppressed during Lent;
it returns solemnly at the Easter Vigil.
Anunciação. First Joyful Mystery of the Rosary.
The announcement of the angel Gabriel to Mary (Lk 1:26-38). Liturgical solemnity on
March 25, nine months before Christmas.
Antiphon. A short ver or phrase sung before and
after a psalm or canticle. The four major Marian antiphons
close Compline in the Liturgy of the Hours.
Aparições Marianas. Particular manifestations
of the Blessed Virgin to specific persons. They belong to
revelação privada (CCC 67); eles não vinculam a fé.
Arca da Aliança. The Old Testament chest that
contained the tablets of the Law, the manna, and the staff of Aaron. Mary is
ruad the «Ark of the New Covenant» boluse she carried in her womb the
incarnate Word. A title in the Litany of Loreto.
Suposição. Dogma definido por Pio XII em
Munificentissimus Deus (November 1, 1950): «The Immaculate Mother
of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life,
was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.» Solemnity on August
15.
Aurora (Dawn). Tradição da Rosary of the
Dawn: a sung procession at daybreak in Castilian and
Andalusian villages during the month of May and the month of October.
Hail Mary. The fundamental Marian prayer. The first part is
biblical (Lk 1:28 + Lk 1:42); the second part is ecclesial, added from the
14th century and fixed in the Catechism of St. Pius V (1568).
Ave Maris Stella. A hymn of Marian Vespers,
attributed to the monk Paul the Deacon (8th c.). «Hail, Star of the
Seja."
B
Bem-aventuranças. The eight beatitudes (Mt 5:3-12).
Mary’s spiritual motherhood is announced in Lk 11:28: «Blessed
are those who hear the word of God and keep it.»
Beatitudeo. In theology, eternal happiness; the beatific
vision of God.
Abençoado. Eulogemeno in Greek. Elizabeth’ ; s
greeting to Mary: «Blessed are you among women» (Lk 1:42).
C
Cana. The wedding in Galilee where Jesus works his first
sign at Mary’s request (Jo 2:1-12). Second Luminous Mystery. The last
recorded words of Mary in the Gospel: «Do whatever he tells
you.»
Canticle. A biblical poetic composition meant to be
sung. The three Gospel canticles (of Zechariah, of Mary, of
Simeon) are prayed daily in the Liturgy of the Hours:
Benedictus, Magnificat, Nunc dimittis.
Catecismo da Igreja Católica (CCC). The doutrinal
compendium promulgated by St. John Paul II in 1992. Part IV is devoted to
Christian prayer. Mariology in nn. 484-511 and 963-975.
Co-Redemptrix. A non-dogmatic title applied to Mary
on account of her singular association with Christ’s redeeming work. The Church uses it
with caution; any mediation of Mary is subordinate to and
dependemt on the unique mediation of Christ (1 Tim 2:5).
Compassio Mariae. «The compassion of Mary,» her
association with the Passion of Christ. The prophecy of Simeon: «A sword
will pierce your soul» (Lc 2:35).
Concepção virginal. The mystery by which Mary
conceived Jesus by the work of the Holy Spirit, without the involvement of a man (Mt
1:18-25; Lk 1:26-38). Distinct from the Immaculate Conception.
Consagração Mariana. The act of giving oneself totally
to Mary as an instrument of the will of God. The classic formula: that of
St. Louis Marie Grignion de MontfortTrue Devotion to the Blessed Virgin
Mary, 1712).
Contemplação. The third form of prayer according to the CCC
(nn. 2709-2719). «A simples and loving gaze upon God». St. Teresa:
«Mental prayer is nothing else than an intimate sharing between friends. »
Contas de rosário. A string of beads for counting the
prayers: 59 beads in total (a crucifix + medal + five decades
separated by a large bead).
Devagar. A liturgical sejason of forty days that
preparar para Easter. It begins on Ash Wednesday. Liturgical color:
violet. Proper Marian antiphon: Ave Regina Caelorum.
D
Década. A set of ten Hail Marys with an
Our Father and a Glory Be within the Rosary. The traditional Rosary
você five decades; the «full Rosary» has twenty (the four
crowns).
Dogma. A truth of faith solemnly defined by the
Church as revealed by God. The four Marian dogmas:
Maternidade Divina (Efésios, 431), Perpétua
Virginity, Imaculada Conceição (Pius IX,
1854), Suposição (Pius XII, 1950).
Nossa Senhora das Dores (Dolorosa). Marian iconography centered on the Seven
Sorrows. Obrigatory memorial on September 15. Stabat
Mater.
Domingo. The Lord’s Day. The first day of the week. The day
of the Resurrection. It is the supreme weekly feast; no Marian
celebration displaces it unless it is a solemnity.
E
Encarnação. The mystery by which the eternal Word
bolsista me man in the womb of Mary (Jo 1:14). The summit of the Marian
fiat.
Encíclica. A solemn letter of the Pope addressed to the whole
Church. The most important Marian encyclicals: Octobri Mense
(Leo XIII, 1891), Munificentissimus Deus (Pius XII, 1950),
Redemptoris Mater (João Paulo II, 1987).
Espírito Santo. The third Person of the Most Holy
Trinity. «The Holy Spirit will come upon you» (Lk 1:35) —
the Annunciation. «Filled with the Holy Spirit» (Acts 2:4) —
Pentecost.
Betrothal. A promise of marriage. Mary was
«betrothed» to Joseph before they lived together (Mt 1:18).
F
Fátima. Apparitions to Lucia, Francisco, and Jacinta at
Cova da Iria (Portugal), May 13 – October 13, 1917. Approval of the bishop of
Leiria, October 13, 1930. Optional memorial on May 13.
Festa. The second grade of liturgical
celebrations, after the solemnity. It has the Gloria but not the Creed (except
feasts of the Lord).
Fiat. «Let it be done. » «Let it be done to me according to your
word» (Lk 1:38) — Mary’s response to Gabriel. A model of
obedience and of faith.
Filial. Proper to child. Filial devotion to Mary: that
proper to one who recognizes her as spiritual Mother.
G
Glória seja. The Trinitarian doxology that closes
each decade of the Rosary and each psalm of the Office.
Goigs. A medieval Marian strophic form proper to
Catalonia, Valencia, Aragon, and the Balearic Islands. Each parish or shrine has
its own, dedicated to the local title.
Mistérios Alegres. The first set of mysteries of the Rosary:
Annunciation, Visitation, Nativity, Apresentation, Finding of the Child in the
Temple. Days: Monday and Saturday.
Canto gregoriano. The official liturgical chant of the Latin
Church: monodic, modal, unccompanied. Codified by St. Gregory
the Great (6th-7th c.).
H
Hierofania. A manifestation of the sacred. Marian
apparitions are Christian hierophanies: signs of the maternal
nearness of God.
Hiperdulia. The special veneration due to Mary,
superior to dulia (which is due to the saints) and inferior to latria
(the adoration due to God alone). CCC 971.
E aí
Iconografia. The set of images and symbols that
represent a sacred figure. Marian iconography includes
Theotokos, Immaculata, Annunciation, Pietà, Assumption, Coronation,
Our Lady of Sorrows, Maestà.
Imaculada Conceição. Dogma definido por Pio IX em
Ineffabilis Deus (December 8, 1854): Mary was preserved from
all stain of original sin from the first instant of her
conception. Principal padrõess of Spain. Solemnity on December
8.
Imaculado Coração de Maria. Obrigatory memorial on the
Saturday following the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Pius XII consecrated the world
to the Immaculate Heart on October 31, 1942.
J
Aspiração (oração ejaculatória). A very brief and fervent prayer
repeated throughout the day. «My Mother, in you I
trust.» A Oração de Fátima is prayed at the end
of each decade: «O my Jesus, forgive us our
sem...».
L
Latria. The worship of adoration due to God alone
(Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). Distinct from nódulos (santos) e
hiperdulia (Maria).
Litany de Loreto. The Litany of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, so called from the Italian shrine of Loreto where it was
spread. Approved by Sixtus V (bull ReditasJuly 11,
1587). Most recent expansion: three invocations by Francis in 2020 (Mother
of mercy, Mother of hope, Solace of
migrants).
Lectio divina. «Divine reading.» A monastic method of
prayer with four steps: lectio (leitura), Meditação
(meditação), orátio (oração), contemplatio
(contemplação). Maria é o modelo: «Mary kept all these
things, pondering them in her heart» (Ic 2:19).
Litany. Do grego litãía («supplication»).
A responsorial prayer: the celebrat says an invocation, the assembly
responds. Traditionally, in the universal Church: of the Most Holy
Name of Jesus, of the Sacred Heart, of the Most Preçous Blood,
de Loreto, e de São José.
Liturgia. The public and official worship of the Church. Marian
péty, according to Marialis Cultus 31, must be inspired by the
liturgy and lead to it.
Liturgia das Horas. The official public prayer of the
Church distributed throughout the day: Office of Readings, Lauds, Daytime
Prayer, Vespers, Compline. Each Vespers includes the
Magnificat. Each Compline ends with a Marian
antiphon.
Loreto. The Italian shrine of the Holy House of
Nazaré, according to tradition translated in the 13th century. It gives its name to the
Litany of Loreto. Optional memorial on December 10.
Pesado. Apparitions to St. Bernadette Soubirous,
February 11 &# 8211; July 16, 1858. Approval of the bishop of Tarbes, January 18, 1862.
Optional memorial on February 11. World Day of the Sick.
Mistérios Luminosos. The fourth set of mysteries of the Rosary,
proposed by St. John Paul II Vírus de Rosarium Mariae
(October 16, 2002): Baptism, Cana, Proclamation of the Kingdom, Transfiguration,
Eucharist. Day: Thursday.
M
Mãe de Deus. Em grego Theotos. A dogmatic
title defined by the Council of Ephesus (431) against Nestorius.
Solemnity on January 1.
Mãe da Igreja. A title proclaimed by St. Paul
VI at the close of the third session of Vatican II (November 21, 1964).
Obrigatory memorial instituted by Francis on February 11, 2018, the
Monday after Pentecost.
Magnificat. The canticle of Mary at the Visitation (Lk
1:46-55). It is prayed every evening at Vespers in the Liturgy of the Hours.
«My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord»
Mariologia. The theological treatise on the Virgin Mary.
It is set within Christology and ecclesiology. All Mariology
is Christology.
Marianista. Belonging or referring to the Society
of Mary, a congregation founded by William Joseph Chaminade in 1817.
Marians. The Congregation of the Immaculate Conception
of the Blessed Virgin Mary (MIC), founded by Father Stanislaus
Papczyński in 1670 in Poland.
Marialis Cultus. The apostolic exortation of St. Paul
VI (February 2, 1974) on Marian devotion. The reference document for
all authentic Marian piety.
Mediação. Mediatrix. A traditional title of Mary.
Always subordinate to the unique mediation of Christ (1 Tim 2:5).
Lumen gentium 60-62.
Medjugorje. A locality in Bosnia and Herzegovina where
six people claim to receive daily apparitions of the Virgin since
1981. The Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith (September 19, 2024)
granted the Nada de errado. regarding the spiritual experience of the
shrine, without pronouncing on the supernatural character of the
apparitions.
Memorial. The third grade of liturgical
celebrations. Obrigatory memorial: deve ser comemorado.
Memória facultativa: it is left to the priest’s discretion.
Meditação. The second form of prayer according to the CCC
(nn. 2705-2708). A search with the mind to understand the will of
God and to respond to him.
Mistério. A truth of faith that surpasses reason but does not
contradict it. The mistérios do Rosário are episodes
of the life of Christ (and of Mary) that are contemplated while praying the
decades.
Monody. Chant in a single voice. Gregorian chant
is monodic.
Munificentissimus Deus. The apostolic constitution of
Pius XII (November 1, 1950) that defined the dogma of the Assumption.
N
Nican Mopohua. An account in Nahuatl (c. 1556) attributed
to Antonio Valeriano on the apparitions of Guadalupe (Tepeyac, Mexico,
1531).
Novena. A devotion of nine consecutive days of
prayer. The most widespread nono in Spain: to the Immaculate Conception (November
29 &# 8211; December 7).
Sem obstat. «Nothing stands in the way». An
ecclesiastical declaration that a text or a devotion contains no doutrinal errors.
The new DDF Norms of 2024 introduz the Nenhum obstat as
the customary conclusion for supernatural phenomena with spiritual
fruits.
QUALQUER
Outubro. The Month of the Rosary. Consecrated by Leo XIII
in Supremi apostolatus officio (September 1, 1883). On October
7 the obrigatory memorial of Our Lady of the Rosary is celebrated.
Escritório Divino. A synonym for the Liturgy of the
Hours.
Rezar (orar). To raise the soul to God (St. John Damascene,
CCC 2559). Broader than «to recite»: it includes vocal prayer, meditation, and
contemplation.
P
Pai nosso. The prayer that Christ taught the
disciples (Mt 6:9-13; Lk 11:2-4). It is prayed at the beginning of each decade of the
Rosário.
Páscoa / Páscoa. Passagem. The Jewish Passover commemorates the
libertation from Egypt. The Christian Easter, the Resurrection of Christ, is
the greatest feast of the liturgical year. Easter sejason: fifty days until
Pentecost.
Padroeira. The official ecclesiastical patronage of a
saint or title over a locality, profession, or institution. Our Lady
of the Pillar, padrõess of the Hispanic world and of the Civil Guard.
Padroagem (patronazgo). Um sinónimo de patrocínio.
Pentecost. Fifty days after the
Resurrection. The supreme solemnity of the Easter forson. Mary in the Upper Room
with the Apostles receiving the Holy Spirit (Acts 1:14; 2:1-4).
Piedade popular. The set of devotions of the Christian
people. Subordinate to the liturgy (Marialis Cultus 31).
Diretório sobre a piedade popular e a liturgia (CDWDS, 2002)
regulates it.
Polifonia. Music in several voices. The Spanish polyphonic
golden age: Morales, Guerrero, Victoria (16th c.).
Profecia. A message inspired by God. The
Marian prophecies of the OT (Gen 3:15; Is 7:14; Micah 5) announce the Mother of
o Messiah.
Protoevangelium. «First Gospel.» Gen 3:15: the
first biblical announcement of the Redeemer and of his Mother.
R
Redemptoris Mater. The encyclical of St. John Paul II
(March 25, 1987) on the Blessed Virgin Mary in the life of the
pilgrim Church.
Rainha dos Céus. A Marian title. Obrigatory memorial
of Mary, Queen, on August 22, the octave of the Assumption.
Revelação pública. The deposit of faith handed on
by Christ to the Apostles, sejaled with the death of the last apostle.
Closed, complete.
Revelação privada. Later particular
manifestations (apparitions, visions, locutions). They do not belong to
the deposit of faith. No Catholic is obliged to believe in a private
revelation (CCC 67).
To recite (rezar). To pronounce a prayer with a fixed text
(Our Father, Hail Mary, Creed, Psalms, Rosary). From the Latin
recitando. Distinct from «to pray. »
Rosário. «Crown of roses.» A Christ-centered Marian
form of prayer that meditates on the mysteries of the life of Christ through
the heart of Mary. Four sets: Joyful, Luminous, Sorrowful,
Glorious. Cinco decades per set = 20 mysteries.
Rosarium Viral Mariae. The apostolic letter of St.
John Paul II (October 16, 2002). It proposes the Luminous Mysteries and
proclaims the Year of the Rosary (Oct 2002 – Oct 2003).
S
Sábado. A day traditionally dedicated to the Virgin
Mary. Origin: Holy Saturday, the day of the silence of the tomb on which
only Mary’s faith sustained the nascent Church. St. Pius V (1568)
consolidated the votive Mass of Holy Mary on Saturday.
Saeta. An a cappella «bare» chant raised
as the images pass in the Holy Week processions. Origin:
Franciscan vers of the 16th-17th centuries.
Salmo. A poetic composition of the Old Testament
(the Book of Psalms). The 150 psalms are the prayer par excellence of the
people of God. The «Psalter of Mary» replaced the 150 psalms with 150
Hail Marys among medieval laypeople.
Saltério. The set of 150 psalms. The remote origin
of the Rosary.
Salve marinera (Sailor’s Hail Holy Queen). Marian hymn of the Spanish Navy.
Music by Cristóbal Oudrid (1870, zarzuela O molinero
Subiza). Lyrics by Mariano Méndez Vigo.
Salve Regina (Salve a Santa Rainha). The Marian antiphon of Ordinary Time.
Attributed to Hermann Contractus (11th c.) or to Pedro de Mezonzo (10th c.). It is
prayed at the end of the Holy Rosary.
Santuário. A sacred place, generally linked to
an apparition, a miraculous image, or a relic. The great
universal Marian shrines: Guadalupe, Lourdes, Fatima, Loreto,
Czestochowa. In Spain: Pilar, Almudena, Covadonga, Montserrat,
Rocío.
Shekinah. The glorious presence of God in the OT (the cloud
over the tabernacle, Ex 40:35). Applied to Mary at the Annunciation:
«The power of the Most High will overshadow you» (Lk
1:35).
Solenidade. The highest grade of liturgical
celebrations. It begins with First Vespers the previous evening. It has the Gloria,
the Creed, and, in some cases, an octave. Marian solemnities: Mother of God (Jan
1), Annunciation (Mar 25), Assumption (Aug 15), Immaculate Conception (Dec
8).
Stabat Mater. A sequence attributed to Jacopone da Todi
(13th c.). Mary at the foot of the Cross. The most celebrated setting: Pergolesi
(1736).
Sub-core praesidium. The oldest surviving Marian
prayer. A Greek papyrus of the 3rd c. (Rylands 470).
T
Tepeyac. The hill in Mexico where the Virgin appeared
to St. Juan Diego in 1531. The Shrine of Guadalupe.
Theotokos. «She who gives birth to God,» «Mother of God». A
dogmatic title proclaimed at the Council of Ephesus (431).
Totus tuus. «Wholly yours». The episcopal motto of St. John
Paul II, inspirado pela Marian consecration of St. Louis Marie Grignion
de Montfort.
Tradição. Together with Sacred Scripture, a source of
Christian Revelation (DV 9-10). What has been received and handed on by the
Church from the Apostles.
Triduum. Three consecutive days of prayer. The Paschal
Triduum: the summit of the liturgical year (Holy Thursday – Holy Saturday).
V
Palavra (Verbum). Logos. The eternal Son of the Father, made flesh in
Mary: «And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us» (Jo
1:14).
Vésperas. The evening Hour in the Liturgy of the
Hours. It always includes the Magnificat.
Visitação. The second Joyful Mystery. Mary’s visit
to Elizabeth (Lk 1:39-56). Feast on May 31.
Vocal (oração). The first form of prayer according to the
CCC (nn. 2700-2704). The pronouncing of words with the lips, in union
with the heart.
Fontes
- Catecismo da Igreja Católica (1992, 1997)
- Concílio Vaticano II, Lumen gentium,
Sacrosanctum Concilium, Dei Verbum - Paulo VI, Marialis Cultus (1974)
- São João Paulo II, Redemptoris Mater
(1987), Vírus de Rosarium Mariae (2002) - Pio IX, Ineffabilis Deus (1854)
- Pio XII, Munificentissimus Deus
(1950) - Diretório sobre a piedade popular e a liturgia
(CDWDS, 2002) - Missal Romano, 3rd typical Spanish ed. (CEE,
2016) - Liturgia das Horas, Edição em Espanhol (CEE)
- Academia Real Espanhola, Dictionary of the
Spanish Language